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Anhui, located in the belly of Huandong and crossed by the Yangtze and Huai River, has a long and rich cultural history and a wealth of archeological material. During the Neolithic and later ages, cultural exchange from north to south and south to north waxed and waned, time passed, dynasties transpired, history evolved, and civilization flourished in the large riverine basins of Yangtze and Huai Rivers, leaving posterity with rich deposits of cultural relics. One of Anhui’s major cultural beauties is the large bogy of jades excavated over the last several decades, rich in subject matter and varied in form.
The earliest jades currently known from Anhui are arc-shared pendant (huang), unearthed at Shisanzi in Suixi and at Houjiazhai in Dingyuan, and date to approximately 5,000 BCE. The second earliest jades, also huang in addition to slit rings, simple in shape and types, come from Huangshanzui in Susong, and date to approximately 4000-3500BC. Jades of numerous types representative phase of Neolithic jade-working in Anhui. Four cultural phase define jades from this era.
Xuejiagang, the well-known culture and site located in Qianshan County, was excavated from 1978-4980. One-hundred and sixty-six jades were unearthed, including spades, rings(huan), huang, tubes, beads ,tube(cong) and ornaments. Jade shapes are formalized, entirely worked and often characterized by open-work motifs, as well as sculptural forms, and these are usually pierced from one side but sometimes from both sides, with eyes holes small and refined, like an eye of a needle.
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