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This book reports the discovery and preliminary studies on Huanglong Cave (Yunxi Man site), a new late Pleistocene human fossil site in Yunxi County, Hubei Province during the period from 2004 to 2005. At this site, five human fossil teeth, associated cultural remains and some other evidences related to the human activities, as well as abundant animal fossils were found. ESR and U-series dating on stalagmite and animal teeth derived from the same layer as the human teeth indicates the age about 100 Ka. If this age is further substantiated, Huanglong Cave will be the first late Pleistocene human fossil site in China where anatomically modern humans lived about 100 Ka. The human fossils and other related materials from Huanglong Cave will provide important information for research on the origin of modern Chinese.

The importance of Yunxi Man site not only lies in the human fossils on which the issues of modern human origin in East Asia can be explored, but also comes from the studies of the stone tools which can provides information on the cultural development of late Pleistocene humans in East Asia, and the relationship with that of earlier humans. The studies on Yunxi Man site indicate that anatomically modern humans lived in the earlier period of late Pleistocene in East Asia including China, and the culture created by these humans has obvious affinities with that of distributed in the wide areas of ancient China. Besides, the culture patterns of Yunxi Man also reflect the cultural exchanges between south and north China during the period of early disposal of anatomically modern humans in China.

【Main contents】

1. Primates Linnaeus
2. Cprinformes
3. Decapoda
4. Anura
5. Ophidia
6. Insectivora Bowdich
7. Chiropera Blimenbach
8. Lagomorpha Brandt
9. Rodentia Bowdich
10. Proboscidea Illiger
11. Carnivora Bodwich
12. Perissodactyla Owen
13. Artiodactyla Owen
14. Falconiformes
15. Anseriformes
16. Ciconiformes
17. Galliformes
18. Charadriiformes

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