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The four provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Hainan are commonly labeled the area of Hunan, yet Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macao, formed for historical or political reasons, also belonging culturally and geographically to the Hunan area. Thus, seven provinces belong in this geographical category. Although these areas are not traditionally known to be rich in natural jade and stone resources, since antiquity these materials have been mined, including tremolite and actinolite nephrites, and other valued stones. Currently, the earliest jade ornaments are those belonging to the Middle Neolithic Period. The Late Neolithic is represented by remains at Shicia, Maba, Qujiang County, Guangdong, covering 4000 sqm and including 132 burials, excavated from 1973 to 1979 and in 1985. Ten tall and short cong were unearthed from Shixia Culture. An openwork jade huan decorated with serrated motif and worked on its inner wall, as well as, is comparable with Liangzhu prototypes. Cong, bi and huan are rarely seen in Shixia Culture burials at the delta of Pearl River. Lower and middle strata remains at Tanshishan, Minhou County in Fujian are a coastal Late Neolithic Culture with two phases of development. Tanshishan Culture remains are influenced by both Liangzhu and Shixia Cultures. From 1980 to 1988, some 1000 jades were unearthed from 1,523 stone plank coffins at the site of Beinan in Taidong County. The second excavation in 1998 at Baojingwan site in Zhuhai, Guangdong uncovered 204 ornaments, including jade slit rings and huan; crystal huang; stone pendants and ear pendants, and greenstone gui. During Shang and Zhou Period, the numbers of workshops for producing jade and stone huan and slit rings increase at the mouth of Pearl River. Many Eastern Zhou Period jade and stone artifacts come from the Nanning area in Guangxi. The slit ring type from Beinan, Taiwan has special characteristics. The large number of slit rings from the mouth Pearl River has various uses. Slit rings from Fujian are few in number. Jade and stone ge unearthed from Huanan sites, although a few may have been used, the majority appear to represent symbols of wealth and status. Warring States or Qin to Han transition period tombs are known at Beiling, Songshan in Zhaoqing and Beifushan in Luoding. The height of jade-working in Huanan occurs during the Han Dynasty. For over fifty years, Han jades have been found in large numbers in tombs in both Guangdong and Guangxi. Few are known in Fujian and none so far have been published as coming from Hong Kong, Macal, Taiwan. The richest and most representative Han jades come from the tomb of King of Stage Nanyue in Guandong. Han jades excavated from Guangxi sites are similar in technique, type and style to those from Guangdong, dating to the era of the Nanyue tomb and early phase of the Western Han. During the era of the Three States, Jin and Southern Dynasties, jade artifacts slowly disappear. Ritual and ornamental jades are not seen and beads are rare. Jades dating to the Sui-Tang through Ming-Qing Periods are also few, represented, for example by a few burials in Guangdong and Guanxi. The traditional grouping of jade and ritual types, popular during pre-Qin through Han times change during the Tang. Ornamental types predominate and replace ritual types in popularity. Raw jade sources during the Tang-Song through Qing eras were controlled by the royal house, with major restrictions on acquisition or production by commoners. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties cremation becomes popular. Jades are displayed in households for their worldly beauty, and jades in burials gradually decrease in type and number. Popularly carved motifs include flowers and plants, animals, landscapes, human figurines, and sometimes themes featuring poets waxing on the profundity of jade art.
ContentsJades Unearthed from the areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Chronology 1. Tube(cong) 2. Tube(cong) 3. Tube(cong) 4. Tube(cong) 5. Tube(cong) 6. Axe(yue) 7. Axe(yue) 8. Axe(yue) 9. Adze 10. Disc(bi) 11. Ring 12. Bracelet 13. Bracelet 14. Arc-shaped Pendant(huang) 15. Slit Ring(jue) 16. Slit Ring(jue) 17. Pair of Slit Rings(jue) 18. Slit Ring(jue) 19. Slit Ring(jue) 20. Slit Ring(jue) 21. Hairpin 22. Pendant 23. Spear Head 24. Collared Disc(bi) 25. Slit Ring(jue) 26. Fragment of a Slit Ring(jue) 27. Bracelet 28. Tubes 29. Pair of Slit Rings(jue) 30. Slit Ring(jue) 31. Fragment of a Silt Ring(jue) 32. Two Silt Rings(jue) 33. Silt Rings(jue) 34. Silt Rings(jue) 35. Silt Rings(jue) 36. Silt Rings(jue) 37. Silt Rings(jue) 38. Silt Rings(jue) 39. Silk Threaded Jade Shroud 40. Head Cover 41. Shroud Plates 42. Disc(bi) 43. Disc(bi) 44. Disc(bi) 45. Disc(bi) 46. Disc(bi) 47. Disc(bi) 48. Disc(bi) 49. Disc(bi) 50. Disc(bi) 51. Disc(bi) 52. Disc(bi) 53. Disc(bi) 54. Disc(bi) 55. Disc(bi) 56. Disc(bi) 57. Disc(bi) 58. Disc(bi) 59. Disc(bi) 60. Disc(bi) 61. Disc(bi) 62. Disc(bi) 63. Disc(bi) 64. Disc(bi) 65. Disc(bi) 66. Disc(bi) 67. Disc(bi) 68. Disc(bi) 69. Disc(bi) 70. Disc(bi) 71. Disc(bi) 72. Two Connected Discs(bi) 73. Arc-shaped Pendant(heng) 74. Arc-shaped Pendant(heng) 75. Arc-shaped Pendant(heng) 76. Arc-shaped Pendant(heng) 77. Arc-shaped Pendant(huang) 78. Arc-shaped Pendant(huang) 79. Arc-shaped Pendant(huang) 80. Arc-shaped Pendant(huang) 81. Pendant in the Shape of a Rhino 82. Ring 83. Ring 84. Ring With Openwork Dragons 85. Ring With Openwork Dragons 86. Slit Ring(jue) 87. Slit Ring(jue) 88. Square-shaped Slit Ring(jue) 89. Ornament in the Shape of a Dragon With a Hook 90. Pendant 91. Ring With Dragon And Phoenix Decoration 92. Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon 93. Pendant in the Shape of Dragon 94. Pendant in the Shape of Two Dragons 95. Pendant in the Shape of Two Dragons 96. Pendant in the Shape of a Tiger 97. Pendant in the Shape of an Animal Mask 98. Fish 99. Pointed Pendant(xi) 100. Pointed Pendant(xi) 101. Pendant in the Shape of a Flower Bud 102. Pendant in the Shape of Heart 103. Pendant in the Shape of Heart 104. Pendant in the Shape of Heart 105. Pendant in the Shape of Heart 106. Pendant in the Shape of Heart 107. Pendant in the Shape of Heart 108. Pendant in the Shape of Heart 109. Pendant in the Shape of Heart 110. Bead in the Shape of a Fish 111. Oval-shaped Tube 112. Oval-shaped Bead 113. Two Ornaments 114. Monkey 115. Pendant in the Shape of a Human 116. Pendant in the Shape of a Human 117. Three Pendants in the Shape of Humans 118. 118dancer 119. Dancer 120. Dancer 121. Dancer 122. 122dancer 123. Set of Pendants 124. Set of Pendants 125. Set of Pendants 126. Set of Pendants 127. Set of Pendants 128. Set of Pendants 129. Set of Pendants 130. Belt Hook in the Shape of a Dragon And a Tiger 131. Pair of Belt Hooks 132. Belt Hook With Analysis Iron Bar 133. Belt Hook 134. Belt Hook 135. King`s Seal 136. Seal 137. Cicada 138. Container 139. Vessel(zhi)With Bronze Frame 140. Lided Cup With Bronze Frame 141. Rhyton 142. Stem Cup With Bronze Plate-shape Stand 143. Pieces 144. Sword Pommel 145. Sword Pommel 146. Sword Pommel 147. Sword Pommel 148. Sword Pommel 149. Sword Pommel 150. Sword Pommel 151. Sword Pommel 152. Sword Guard 153. Sword Guard 154. Sword Guard 155. Sword Guard 156. Sword Guard 157. Sword Guard 158. Sword Guard 159. Sword Guard 160. Scabbard Slide 161. Scabbard Slide 162. Scabbard Slide 163. Scabbard Slide 164. Scabbard Slide 165. Scabbard Slide 166. Scabbard Chape 167. Scabbard Chape 168. Scabbard Chape 169. Scabbard Chape 170. Scabbard Chape 171. Scabbard Chape 172. Scabbard Chape 173. Scabbard Chape 174. Scabbard Chape 175. Scabbard Chape 176. Scabbard Chape 177. String of Beads 178. Beast 179. Ring With a Handle 180. Set of Pendants 181. Pig 182. Stick 183. Pendant With Butterfly Decoration 184. Spade 185. Spade 186. Six Slit Rings(jue) 187. Stem Cup 188. Seal 189. Disc(bi) With Chinese Characters〝宜子孙日益昌〞 190. Cicada 191. Pendant in the Shape of a Heart 192. Belt Hook And Belt Ring 193. String of Beads 194. String of Beads 195. Seal 196. Seal 197. Set of Belt Plaques 198. Incense-Burner 199. Cup 200. Pendant 201. Slit Ring(jue) 202. Disc(bi) 203. Belt Hook 204. Scarlet Bird 205. Belt Hook 206. Pair of Finger Rings 207. Hairpin 208. Ornament in the Shape of Coin 209. Plaque in the Shape of Butterfly 210. Disc(bi) 211. Plaques in the Shape of Flower 212. Pair of Plaques in the Shape of Chrysantheumums 213. Pair of Six-Lobed Plaques 214. Pair of Hand-Held Pieces 215. Nose Plug 216. Pair of Ear Plugs 217. Pair of Eye Covers 218. Pair of Soles 219. Anal Plug 220. Hairpin 221. Hairpin 222. Spade 223. Spade 224. Axe(yue) 225. Axe(yue) 226. Five Slit Rings(jue) 227. Dagger-axe(ge) 228. Dagger-axe(ge) 229. Scepter(zhang) 230. Ring 231. Eight Rings 232. Eight Slit Rings(jue) 233. Collared Disc(bi) 234. String of Ornaments 235. Drill Core 236. Fragment 237. Sixteen Slit Rings(jue) 238. Five Rectangular Slit Rings(jue) 239. Tube 240. Ornament in the Shape of Two Figures
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