1 Pollen Morphological Characteristics of Ornamental Crabapples
1.1 Significance of the Study of Crabapple Pollen Morphology
1.2 Observation Methods for Crabapple Pollen Phenotypes
1.3 Pollen Morphological Characteristics of Ornamental Crabapples
1.4 Analysis of Pollen Morphology Traits of Crabapple
1.4.1 Stability of Pollen Phenotypic Traits
1.4.2 Analysis of Intrapopulation Variability of Phenotypic Traits in Crabapple Pollen
1.5 Chapter Summary
2 Evolutionary Law for Ornamental Crabapple Pollen Traits
2.1 Evolutionary Research Background on Plant Pollen Traits
2.2 Study Methods for Investigating the Evolution of the Phenotypic Traits of Crabapple Pollen
2.2.1 Analysis of the Evolutionm'y Relationship of Pollen Between Species from the Malus
2.2.2 Analysis Methods for Assessing the Trend of Evolution Between Cultivars and Species
2.3 Evolutionary Relationships of Crabapple Pollen Phenotypic Traits
2.3.1 The Evolutionary Relationships of the Pollen Phenotype Traits of Malus Species Based on Classical Taxonomy and Molecular Evolutionary Trees
2.3.2 Evolutionary Trends of Pollen Phenotypic Traits of Natural Species and Cultivars of Crabapples Based on Boxplot Analysis
2.3.3 Evolutionary Trends of the Pollen Phenotypic Traits of Natural Species and Cultivars of Crabapples Based on Frequency Distribution Characteristics
2.4 Chapter Summary
3 Evolutionary of Pollen Ornamentation in Ornamental Crabapples
3.1 Research Background on Plant Pollen Ornamentation Evolution
3.2 Quantitative Analysis Methods for the Evolution of Crabapple Pollen Ornamentation
3.3 Evolutionary Trend of Pollen Ornamentation in Ornamental Crabapples
3.3.1 Distribution Characteristics of the Ornamentation Patterns of Crabapple Germplasm Pollen
3.3.2 Pollen Ornamentation Evolution in the Populations of Species and Cultivars
3.3.3 Evolution of Pollen Ornamentation Patterns in Parental and Progeny Populations
3.4 Chapter Summary
4 Ultrastrueture Observation of M.halliana Pollen During Development
4.1 Research Background of M. halliana Pollen Development
4.2 Mixed Bud Morphological and Developmental Observation in M. halliana
4.3 Ultrastructural Observations of M. halliana Pollen Development
4.3.1 Initial Differentiation Stage of the Anthers
4.3.2 Sporogenesis
4.3.3 Formation of Microsporocytes
4.3.4 Meiosis
4.3.5 Mononucleated Microspore Stage..
4.3.6 Pollen Maturation Stage
4.4 Ultrastructural Observations of Anther Wall Formation in M. halliana
4.4.1 Sporogenesis
4.4.2 Microsporocyte Formation Stage
4.4.3 Meiosis
4.4.4 Pollen Maturation Stage
4.5 Anatomical Causes of Pollen Abortion in Monopetalous M. halliana
4.6 Chapter Summary
5 Electron Microscopic of Crabapple Pollen
5.1 M. angustifolia
5.2 M. baccata
5.3 M. domestica vat, binzi
5.4 M. floribunda
5.5 M. fusca
5.6 M. honanensis
5.7 M. ioensis
5.8 M. mandshurica
5.9 M. micromalus
5.10 M. niedzwetzloe'ana
5.11 M. ombrophila
5.12 M. platycarpa
5.13 M. prunifolia
5.14 M. pumila
5.15 M. robusta
5.16 M. rockii
5.17 M. sieversii
5.18 M. spectabilis
5.19 M. sylvestris
5.20 M. toringoides
5.2 l M, tschonoskii
5.22 M. turkmenorum
5.23 M, yunnanensis
5.24 M, 'Abundance'
5.25 M, 'Adams'
5.26 M. 'Almey'
5.27 M, 'Ballet'
5.28 M, 'Brandywine'
5.29 M. 'Butterball'
5.30 M. 'Cardinal'
5.31 M. 'Centurion'
5.32 M. 'Cinderella'
5.33 M. 'Cloudsea'
5.34 M. 'Coralburst'
5.35 M, 'Darwin'
5.36 M. 'David'
5.37 M. 'Dolgo'
5.38 M. 'Donald Wyman'
5.39 M. 'Eleyi'
5.40 M. 'Everest'
5.41 M. 'Fairytail Gold'
5.42 M. 'Firebird'
5.43 M. 'Flame'
5.44 M. 'Furong'
5.45 M. 'Golden Hornet'
5.46 M. 'Golden Raindrop'
5.47 M. 'Gorgeous'
5.48 M. 'Guard'
5.49 M. halliana 'Pink Double'
5.50 M. 'Harvest Gold'
5.51 M. 'Hillier'
5.52 M. 'Hopa'
5.53 M. 'Indian Magic'
5.54 M. 'Indian Summer'
5.55 M. 'Kelsey'
5.56 M. 'King Arthur'
5.57 M. 'Klehm's Improved Bechtel'
5.58 M. 'Lancelot'
5.59 M. 'Lisa'
5.60 M. 'Liset'
5.61 M. 'Lollipop'
5.62 M. 'Louisa Contort'
5.63 M. 'Makamik'
5.64 M. 'Mary Potter'
5.65 M. 'May's Delight'
5.66 M. 'Molten Lava'
5.67 M. 'Perfect Purple'
5.68 M. 'Pink Princess'
5.69 M. 'Pink Spires'
5.70 M. 'Prairie Rose'
5.71 M. 'Prairifire'
5.72 M. 'Professor Sprenger'
5.73 M. 'Profusion'
5.74 M. 'Purple Gems'
5.75 M. 'Purple Prince'
5.76 M. purpurei 'Neville Copeman'
5.77 M. 'Radiant'
5.78 M. 'Red Barron'
5.79 M. 'Red Jade'
5.80 M. 'Red Sentinel'
5.81 M. 'Red Splendor'
5.82 M. 'Regal'
5.83 M. 'Robinson'
5.84 M. 'Roger's Selection'
5.85 M. 'Royal Beauty'
5.86 M. 'Royal Gem'
5.87 M. 'Royal Raindrop'
5.88 M. 'Royalty'
5.89 M. 'Rudolph'
5.90 M. 'Rum'
5.91 M. 'Show Time'
5.92 M. 'Snowdrift'
5.93 M. 'Sparkler'
5.94 M. 'Spring Glory'
5.95 M. 'Spring Sensation'
5.96 M. 'Spring Snow'
5.97 M. 'Sugar Tyme'
5.98 M. 'Sweet Sugar Tyme'
5.99 M. 'Thunderchild'
5.100 M. 'Tina'
5.101 M. 'Van Eseltine'
5.102 M. 'Velvet Pillar'
5.103 M. 'Weeping Madonna'
5.104 M. 'White Cascade'
5.105 M. 'Winter Gold'
5.106 M. 'Winter Red'
5.107 M. X zumi 'Calocarpa'
Supplementary
References
Index